Discovering the Self: A Study of Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist

Abstract

This study explores the theme of self-discovery in Paulo Coelho’s internationally acclaimed novel The Alchemist. Through the journey of Santiago, a young Andalusian shepherd, the novel presents a philosophical and symbolic narrative of personal growth, spiritual awakening, and the pursuit of one's “Personal Legend.” This paper examines how the process of discovering the self is portrayed as a transformative journey that transcends physical boundaries and material desires, ultimately leading to a deeper understanding of one’s true purpose in life. Drawing on existential and psychological frameworks, particularly those of Carl Jung and Abraham Maslow, the research analyzes Santiago’s experiences in terms of self-actualization, inner calling, and the integration of the conscious and unconscious self. The novel’s use of allegory, symbolism, and mysticism is also investigated as key narrative strategies that guide the protagonist and the reader toward introspection and enlightenment. By tracing Santiago’s internal and external quest, the paper argues that Coelho not only illustrates the universal human desire for meaning and identity but also offers a literary blueprint for navigating life’s uncertainties through faith, perseverance, and self-belief. This study concludes that The Alchemist serves as a modern spiritual parable, encouraging readers to embark on their own journeys of self-discovery and to listen to the “language of the world” that speaks through intuition, dreams, and the heart.