The Social System of Islam in the Light of the Teachings of the Prophet (ﷺ)

اسلام کا سماجی نظام تعلیماتِ نبویﷺکی روشنی میں

Abstract

The Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ brought an end to the linguistic, racial, and class-based hierarchies that dominated pre-Islamic society and laid the foundation for a model Islamic civilization rooted in the principles of equality, justice, tolerance, and respect for all humankind. Through pragmatic and far-reaching initiatives such as the Mīthāq al-Madīnah (Constitution of Medina), the Muʾākhāt al-Madīnah (Brotherhood of Medina), and the Ḥilf al-Fuḍūl (Pact of the Virtuous), he fostered an unprecedented sense of equality, social harmony, and communal unity. In addition, transformative moments such as the Fatḥ Makkah (Conquest of Mecca) and the Khuṭbat al-Wadāʿ (Farewell Sermon) reinforced revolutionary concepts of human equality, the sanctity of life and property, and the recognition of the rights of women, orphans, and slaves.

These teachings not only dismantled oppressive structures but also redefined social relations by ensuring dignity and justice for every individual regardless of lineage, ethnicity, or class. This paper examines the Prophet’s ﷺ teachings within their historical framework while emphasizing their enduring relevance in contemporary times. It argues that the Prophetic model offers timeless guidance for addressing modern socio-cultural challenges, particularly in establishing a welfare-oriented society grounded in balance, righteousness, and inclusivity. By analyzing these initiatives through a modern lens, the study highlights how the Prophetic legacy can inspire the development of equitable social systems in today’s globalized world.