Iqbāl's Concept of Ummah, the Palestinian Issue and Present Situation: An Intellectual Study

اقبال کا تصور ملت، مسئلہ فلسطین اور حالات حاضرہ: ایک فکری مطالعہ

Abstract

This research paper explores Allama Muḥammad Iqbāl’s concept of the Muslim Ummah (Millat) in the context of the Palestinian issue. Iqbāl conceptualized the Ummah not as a racial, ethnic, or territorial entity but as a spiritual and ideological community grounded in Islamic faith and shared moral values. His vision of Muslim unity transcends geographical boundaries and emphasizes a collective consciousness shaped by belief, purpose, and a common destiny. The paper examines Iqbāl’s deep concern for the suffering of Palestinian Muslims, as reflected in his poetry, prose writings, speeches, and letters. Iqbāl viewed the Palestinian issue not merely as a regional or political conflict but as a matter of profound significance for the entire Muslim world. He perceived it as a symbol of the broader decline and disunity of the Ummah. His writings strongly criticize Western imperialism and Zionist occupation, warning Muslims against political subjugation and intellectual dependency. Through a critical analysis of Iqbāl’s thought, the study highlights how his philosophy links spiritual awakening with political consciousness and moral responsibility. Iqbāl consistently called for self-realization (khudī), unity, and resistance against oppression as essential elements for the revival of the Muslim Ummah. The paper concludes that Iqbāl’s ideas remain highly relevant in the contemporary era. His emphasis on unity, faith-based solidarity, and resistance to injustice offers enduring intellectual and moral guidance for addressing ongoing challenges faced by Muslims, particularly the persistent humanitarian and political crisis in Palestine.